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#######
#
# E-scripts on sh (a.k.a. dash) - a basic Unix shell.
#
# Note 1: use the eev command (defined in eev.el) and the
# ee alias (in my .zshrc) to execute parts of this file.
# Executing this file as a whole makes no sense.
# An introduction to eev can be found here:
#
# (find-eev-quick-intro)
# http://angg.twu.net/eev-intros/find-eev-quick-intro.html
#
# Note 2: be VERY careful and make sure you understand what
# you're doing.
#
# Note 3: If you use a shell other than zsh things like |&
# and the for loops may not work.
#
# Note 4: I always run as root.
#
# Note 5: some parts are too old and don't work anymore. Some
# never worked.
#
# Note 6: the definitions for the find-xxxfile commands are on my
# .emacs.
#
# Note 7: if you see a strange command check my .zshrc -- it may
# be defined there as a function or an alias.
#
# Note 8: the sections without dates are always older than the
# sections with dates.
#
# This file is at <http://angg.twu.net/e/sh.e>
# or at <http://angg.twu.net/e/sh.e.html>.
# See also <http://angg.twu.net/emacs.html>,
# <http://angg.twu.net/.emacs[.html]>,
# <http://angg.twu.net/.zshrc[.html]>,
# <http://angg.twu.net/escripts.html>,
# and <http://angg.twu.net/>.
#
#######
# «.simple-commands» (to "simple-commands")
# «.parameter-expansion» (to "parameter-expansion")
# «.default-values» (to "default-values")
# «.important-commands» (to "important-commands")
# «.functions» (to "functions")
# «.for» (to "for")
# «.case» (to "case")
# «.showargs» (to "showargs")
# «.test» (to "test")
# «.redirection» (to "redirection")
# «.multiline-comments» (to "multiline-comments")
# «.PATH» (to "PATH")
# «.shebang» (to "shebang")
# «.shell-scripts-in-usr-bin» (to "shell-scripts-in-usr-bin")
#####
#
# Simple commands
# 2019feb16
#
#####
# «simple-commands» (to ".simple-commands")
# (find-man "1 sh")
# (find-man "1 sh" "generally executes")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Commands\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Simple Commands\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" "first" "word" "command name")
# (find-man "1 sh" "remaining words" "arguments")
# (find-man "1 echo")
# (find-man "1 sleep")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
echo a; echo b
echo a; sleep 1; echo b; sleep 1; echo c; echo d
echo a b c
echo a b c
echo echo sleep echo
echo echo sleep echo
sleep echo
# (find-man "1 sh" " Double Quotes\n")
echo echo sleep echo
echo "echo sleep echo"
#####
#
# Parameter expansion
# 2019feb16
#
#####
# «parameter-expansion» (to ".parameter-expansion")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Word Expansions\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Parameter Expansion\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" "${parameter}")
# (find-man "1 sh" "braces" "optional")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Double Quotes\n")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
A=foo
B=bar
AB=plic
echo $A $B $AB $B $A
echo $A$B$AB$B$A
echo $A $B $AB $B $A
echo "$A $B $AB $B $A"
echo $A $B $AB $B $A
echo "$A $B $AB $B $A"
#####
#
# default-values
# 2019oct08
#
#####
# «default-values» (to ".default-values")
# (find-man "1 sh" "${parameter:-word}")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
export A=foo
export B=bar
echo ${A:-B}
unset A
echo ${A:-B}
f () { echo ${1:-empty}; }
f hello
f
f () { echo ${1:-$B}; }
f hello
f
#####
#
# important-commands
# 2019sep04
#
#####
# «important-commands» (to ".important-commands")
# (find-fline "/bin/")
# (find-fline "/usr/bin/")
echo -h
echo --help
egrep --help
false --help
false -h
fgconsole --help
fgrep --help
findmnt --help
fuser --help
# (find-man "echo")
echo \a
echo -n hello
echo -e '\a'
echo '\a'
# (find-man "egrep")
# (find-man "false")
# (find-man "fgconsole")
# (find-man "fgrep")
# (find-man "findmnt")
# (find-man "fuser")
#####
#
# functions
# 2019feb17
#
#####
# «functions» (to ".functions")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Functions\n")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
f3 () { echo "1:($1) 2:($2) 3:($3)"; }
f3 a b c
f3 a b
f3 a b c d
f4 () { i=2; eval echo "\"$i:(\$$i)\""; }
f4 () { for i in $(seq 1 $#); do eval echo "\"$i:(\$$i)\""; done; }
f4 a b c d
#####
#
# for
# 2019apr18
#
#####
# «for» (to ".for")
# (find-man "1 sh" "Flow-Control Constructs - if, while, for, case")
# (find-man "1 sh" " The syntax of the for command is")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
seq 0 0
seq 0 4
for i in $(seq 0 4); do echo $i; done
for i in ; do echo $i; done
#####
#
# case
# 2022apr23
#
#####
# «case» (to ".case")
# (find-angggrep "grep --color=auto -nH --null -e case ~/bin/*")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
f () {
case "_$1_" in
_a_) echo A;;
_bb_) echo B;;
*) echo ETC;;
esac
}
f a
f bb
f ccc
f
#####
#
# showargs
# 2019apr18
#
#####
# «showargs» (to ".showargs")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Special Parameters\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Special Parameters\n" "#")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Functions\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" " Reserved Words\n")
# (find-man "1 sh" "eval string ...")
# (find-man "1 sh" "#" "number of positional parameters")
showargs () {
for i in $(seq 1 $#); do echo "$i: ($(eval echo \$$i))"; done
}
showargs () {
for i in $(seq 1 $#); do eval echo "\"$i:(\$$i)\""; done
}
showargs a b c d
showargs a b c " d "
showargs a b
showargs
#####
#
# test
# 2021nov26
#
#####
# «test» (to ".test")
# (find-es "bash" "test")
# (find-man "1 sh" "test expression")
# (find-man "1 sh" "[ expression ]")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
if true; then echo yes; fi
if false; then echo yes; fi
if [ "" = "a" ]; then echo yes; fi
if [ "a" = "a" ]; then echo yes; fi
#####
#
# redirection
# 2019may17
#
#####
# «redirection» (to ".redirection")
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_(Unix)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminal
# (find-man "1 sh" "Redirection operators:")
# (find-man "1 sh" "[n]> file")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-zsh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-zsh)
f () { echo $1; sleep 2; echo $2; sleep 2; echo $3; }
g () { sleep 1; f $*; }
h () { f A B C &
g a b c &
}
h
f A B C & ; g a b c &
* (eepitch-shell)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-shell)
pwd
cd /tmp/
pwd
seq 3 20
seq 3 20 > /tmp/o
cat /tmp/o
grep 1 /tmp/o
seq 3 20 | grep 1
#####
#
# multiline-comments
# 2019jun25
#
#####
# «multiline-comments» (to ".multiline-comments")
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43158140/way-to-create-multiline-comments-in-bash
# http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#dot
# (find-angg ".emacs" "ee-itest-sh")
# (find-man "1 sh" " :")
# (find-man "1 sh" " . file")
* (eepitch-sh)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-sh)
: <<'%%%'
HELLO
%%%
#####
#
# PATH and which
# 2019jun29
#
#####
# «PATH» (to ".PATH")
# (find-man "1 sh" "Path Search")
# (find-node "(libc)Word Expansion")
# (find-node "(libc)Standard Environment")
# (find-node "(libc)Standard Environment" "PATH")
# (find-node "(libc)Function Index" "execvp")
# (find-node "(libc)Executing a File" "execvp")
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/311339/why-was-colon-chosen-as-path-separator
#####
#
# shebang
# 2019sep17
#
#####
# «shebang» (to ".shebang")
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(computing)
#####
#
# shell-scripts-in-usr-bin
# 2019sep17
#
#####
# «shell-scripts-in-usr-bin» (to ".shell-scripts-in-usr-bin")
# (find-fline "/usr/bin/")
# (find-man "1 file")
# (find-man "1 file" "determine file type")
# (find-man "1 grep")
# (find-man "1 grep" "-i, --ignore-case")
# (find-man "1 cut")
# (find-man "1 cut" "-d, --delimiter=DELIM")
# (find-man "1 cut" "-f, --fields=LIST")
# (find-man "1 tee")
* (eepitch-shell)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-shell)
file /usr/bin/*
file /usr/bin/* | grep -i 'shell script'
# (find-fline "/usr/bin/")
# (find-sh "file /usr/bin/*")
# (find-sh "file /usr/bin/* | grep -i script")
* (eepitch-shell)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-shell)
file /usr/bin/* | grep -i 'shell script' | cut -d: -f1
file /usr/bin/* | grep -i 'shell script' | cut -d: -f1 | tee /tmp/o
# (find-fline "/tmp/o")
* (eepitch-shell)
* (eepitch-kill)
* (eepitch-shell)
seq 1 4
echo 1 2 3 4
for i in $(seq 1 4); do echo $i; done
for i in $(echo 1 2 3 4); do echo $i; done
echo a $(echo 1 2 3 4) b
echo a $(echo 1 2 '3 ' 4) b
echo "a $(echo 1 2 '3 ' 4) b"
for i in $(echo 1 2 3 4); do echo $i; done
for i in $(echo 1 2 3 4); do echo "($i)"; done
for i in $(echo 1 2 '3 ' 4); do echo "($i)"; done
for i in 1 2 '3 ' 4 ; do echo "($i)"; done
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo $i; sleep 1; done
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo $i; sleep 1; done &
for i in $(seq 10 10 50); do echo $i; sleep 1; done &
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28231981 Unix shell programming: the next 50 years (acm.org)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31830676 Effective Shell (effective-shell.com)
https://blog.nullspace.io/batch.html
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35108822 Write Posix Shell (j3s.sh) - Emperor Sh ***
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35765707 Pure Sh Bible (github.com/dylanaraps)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35985224 The Case for Bash (2021) (neversaw.us) - Kernighan and Pike ***
https://blog.plover.com/Unix/whitespace.html
# (find-sh "locate -i pike")
# Local Variables:
# coding: utf-8-unix
# End: